2020 Volume 16 – Store Elementsmagazine

Raman Spectroscopy In The Earth And Planetary Sciences, April 2020, Vol. 16, No. 2

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Raman Spectroscopy In The Earth And Planetary Sciences

April 2020, Vol. 16, No. 2

The application of Raman (microprobe) spectroscopy in the geosciences has rapidly broadened and deepened over the past 40 years. This has been sparked by both improvements in technology and recognition of the quantitative, as well as qualitative, capabilities of the technique. Raman spectroscopy claims relative ease of use; is typically nondestructive at the (sub-)micrometer scale; has the ability to analyze solids, liquids, and gases; can differentiate polymorphs; and can enlarge the available spectral databases for minerals. Geoscientists can create Raman maps/images based on selected spectral features, which simultaneously capture chemical–structural and microtextural information. In a single sample, one may investigate quantitatively the P–T path history during metamorphism, determine the composition and internal pressure of mixed volatiles in micrometer-size fluid inclusions, study the strain pattern or radiation damage in minerals, and/or target possible biosignatures.

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Expert Contributors: Articles written by renowned researchers in the field of geoscience.
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The Redox Engine Of Earth, June 2020, Vol. 16, No. 3

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The Redox Engine Of Earth

June 2020, Vol. 16, No. 3

The redox state is one of the master variables that drove the formation of the Earth and that now also controls life processes. From the dawn of geochemistry, a knowledge of redox states has been essential to understanding the compositional makeup of our planet and the fundamental processes that occur in any natural chemical system, from the core to the atmosphere, from magmatic systems to aquatic systems. The social and economic impact of redox geochemistry is enormous because of the control it plays on metal mobility, solubility, metal availability and any associated complexing ligands, and the widespread use of redox indicators for environmental hazard assessment. This issue of Elements illustrates how understanding redox processes can help us to understand much of Earth’s activity.

Why You’ll Love Elements Magazine:

Expert Contributors: Articles written by renowned researchers in the field of geoscience.
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Exceptional Quality: Each issue is printed on high-quality paper with stunning visuals and detailed illustrations that bring complex scientific concepts to life.

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Lithium: Less Is More, August 2020, Vol. 16, No. 4

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Lithium: Less Is More

August 2020, Vol. 16, No. 4

Lithium is concentrated in Earth’s upper continental crust and is an essential constituent of 122 mineral species with the greatest mineralogical diversity found in pegmatites. Lithium occurs naturally in two isotopes, 6Li and 7Li, which are readily fractionated, thus becoming sensitive to geological and environmental processes. Closed-basin brines (58%) and pegmatites plus related granites (26%) constitute the main sources of exploitable lithium worldwide. Rechargeable batteries that take advantage of lithium’s light weight and high electrochemical potential offer the greatest potential benefit to the most people. Lithium compounds are also used to control bipolar disorder. In a word, life as we know it at the start of the 21st century would not be possible without lithium.

Why You’ll Love Elements Magazine:

Expert Contributors: Articles written by renowned researchers in the field of geoscience.
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Exceptional Quality: Each issue is printed on high-quality paper with stunning visuals and detailed illustrations that bring complex scientific concepts to life.

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Noble Gas Thermochronology, October 2020, Vol. 16, No. 5

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Noble Gas Thermochronology

October 2020, Vol. 16, No. 5

Noble-gas thermochronology takes advantage of the time-dependent production of noble gases and the thermally activated diffusion of these gases to constrain the temperature histories of minerals found in crustal rocks. Thermochronology has become widely used to address research questions across Earth and planetary science. These questions include when and how valleys are cut by glaciers; from where sediment is sourced; what thermal conditions occur on fault planes during slip; and how the surfaces of planetary bodies evolve on billion-year timescales. This issue highlights how noble-gas thermochronology can be used to address questions like these, as well as what new avenues of research noble-gas thermochronology could be used for in the future.

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Expert Contributors: Articles written by renowned researchers in the field of geoscience.
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Hydrothermal Fluids, December 2020, Vol. 16, No. 6

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Hydrothermal Fluids

December 2020, Vol. 16, No. 6

Fluids are one of the principal agents of heat and mass transfer in the Earth. This thematic issue explores the physical and chemical properties of hydrothermal fluids and how they affect geologic processes. The issue discusses our current understanding of the nature of hydrothermal fluids across a range of geologic settings; interactions between fluids and rocks; and the interrelationships between fluid-driven processes in different settings. Each chapter highlights both broad and specific overlaps between “normal” and ore-forming hydrothermal fluids, and describe how the features of hydrothermal systems reflect the specific properties of the fluids in each setting.

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Abiotic Hydrogen And Hydrocarbons In Planetary Lithospheres, February 2020, Vol. 16, No. 1

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Abiotic Hydrogen And Hydrocarbons In Planetary Lithospheres

February 2020, Vol. 16, No. 1

Molecular hydrogen (H2), methane, and hydrocarbons with an apparent abiotic origin have been observed in a variety of geologic settings, including serpentinized ultramafic rocks, submarine hydrothermal vents, and deep fractures within ancient cratons. Recent discoveries have reported the presence of hydrogen emanating from the icy crust of Saturn’s moon Enceladus, and methane in the atmosphere of Mars. Owing in large part to the utilization of hydrogen and methane by chemosynthetic biological communities on Earth (and maybe other planetary bodies), geologic production of these compounds has become the subject of intense scientific study. Geologically produced hydrogen and methane are also of interest as possible energy resources. This issue highlights recent developments in the understanding of geologic sources of hydrogen and methane, the biological utilization of these compounds, and the potential for human exploitation of these resources.

Why You’ll Love Elements Magazine:

Expert Contributors: Articles written by renowned researchers in the field of geoscience.
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Exceptional Quality: Each issue is printed on high-quality paper with stunning visuals and detailed illustrations that bring complex scientific concepts to life.

Order your copy of the February 2020 issue of Elements magazine today and delve into abiotic hydrogen and hydrocarbons in planetary lithospheres.